1. Have difficulty (in) doing something
结构：have difficulty (in) + 动名词
例句：
I have difficulty understanding his accent.
She had difficulty in solving the math problem.
注意：口语中常省略 "in"。
2. Have trouble doing something
结构：have trouble + 动名词
例句：
He has trouble sleeping at night.
Did you have trouble finding the place?
特点：更口语化，使用频率高。
3. Struggle with something
结构：struggle with + 名词/动名词
例句：
They struggled with the heavy workload.
I’m struggling with learning Chinese characters.
语气：强调持续的努力和困难。
4. Have a hard time doing something
结构：have a hard time + 动名词
例句：
We had a hard time convincing him.
She’s having a hard time adjusting to the new job.
同义：have a tough time（更口语化）。
5. Can’t seem to do something
结构：can’t seem to + 动词原形
例句：
I can’t seem to focus today.
He couldn’t seem to get the answer right.
语境：暗示尝试多次但未成功。
6. Find it difficult/hard to do something
结构：find it + 形容词 + to do
例句：
She finds it hard to say no.
They found it difficult to reach an agreement.
替代词：challenging, tough（更强烈）。
其他补充表达
Be stuck with something（卡在某个问题上）
例句：I’m stuck with this coding problem.
Face challenges in doing something（较正式）
例句：The team faces challenges in meeting the deadline.
It’s a struggle to do something（强调费力）
例句：It’s a struggle to wake up early in winter.
选择建议：
口语：优先使用 have trouble 或 have a hard time。
写作：可用 struggle with 或 encounter difficulties（更正式）。
语法注意：所有短语后接 动名词（-ing），除了 "can’t seem to" 接动词原形。
希望这些表达能帮到你！如果需要进一步解释，可以随时问我哦~
