1. Have difficulty (in) doing something
结构：主语 + have/has + difficulty (in) + 动名词
例句：
She has difficulty understanding spoken English.
（她在理解英语口语方面有困难。）
They had difficulty finding a parking spot.
（他们当时很难找到停车位。）
注意：
"in" 可以省略，直接接动名词（如 "understanding"）。
不可数名词，不加冠词（不用 "a difficulty"）。
2. Struggle with something
结构：主语 + struggle with + 名词/动名词
例句：
Many students struggle with math.
（许多学生在数学方面有困难。）
He struggles with public speaking.
（他在公开演讲方面有困难。）
语境：强调“持续努力克服困难”。
3. Have trouble (with something / doing something)
结构：主语 + have/has trouble (with) + 名词/动名词
例句：
I have trouble sleeping at night.
（我晚上入睡困难。）
She has trouble with the new software.
（她对这款新软件感到棘手。）
注意：更口语化，可与 "difficulty" 互换。
4. Find it hard to do something
结构：主语 + find it hard + to do something
例句：
He finds it hard to concentrate in noisy environments.
（他发现在嘈杂的环境中很难集中注意力。）
They found it hard to adapt to the new rules.
（他们发现很难适应新规则。）
特点：强调主观感受的“困难”。
5. Face challenges in something
结构：主语 + face challenges (in) + 名词/动名词
例句：
The company faces challenges in expanding its market.
（公司在拓展市场方面面临挑战。）
She faces challenges in balancing work and family.
（她在平衡工作和家庭方面有困难。）
语境：较正式，多用于书面或专业场景。
日常口语：多用 have trouble with 或 struggle with。
正式写作：优先 face challenges in 或 encounter difficulties in。
通用表达：have difficulty (in) 和 find it hard to 适用性最广。
常见错误：
❌ He has difficulty to finish the task.
✅ He has difficulty finishing the task.
（接动名词，而非不定式）
希望这些表达能帮到你！
