1. have difficulty (in) doing something
（介词 in 可省略，后接动名词）
例句:
She has difficulty (in) understanding the local accent.
I had no difficulty (in) solving the math problem.
2. have trouble doing something
（更口语化，直接接动名词）
例句:
He has trouble sleeping at night.
Did you have trouble finding the address?
3. struggle with something / struggle to do something
（强调努力克服困难，后接名词或不定式）
例句:
Many students struggle with grammar rules.
They struggled to finish the project on time.
4. find it hard/difficult to do something
（后接不定式，强调主观感受）
例句:
I find it hard to focus in a noisy environment.
She found it difficult to adapt to the new culture.
5. have a hard time doing something
（口语化表达，后接动名词）
例句:
We had a hard time convincing him to stay.
Are you having a hard time keeping up with the class?
6. encounter difficulties (in) doing something
（较正式，后接动名词或名词）
例句:
The team encountered difficulties in securing funding.
They faced unexpected difficulties during the experiment.
注意事项：
✅ 正确结构：
have difficulty/trouble/a hard time + doing
struggle/find it hard + to do
❌ 常见错误：
避免错误搭配如 have difficulty to do（✖️） → 应改为 have difficulty doing（✔️）
根据语境选择合适的短语，日常口语推荐 have trouble 或 have a hard time，正式写作可用 encounter difficulties 或 struggle with。
