1. Dyspnea [dɪspˈniːə](医学专业术语)

例:Patients with heart failure often experience dyspnea during physical activity.
(心力衰竭患者常在体力活动时出现呼吸困难。)
2. Shortness of breath(日常最常用表达)
例:She felt sudden shortness of breath and had to sit down.
(她突然感到呼吸困难,不得不坐下。)
3. Breathing difficulty(较正式的描述)
例:The *oke caused breathing difficulties for the firefighters.
(浓烟导致消防员呼吸困难。)
其他相关表达:
感到呼吸困难:experience difficulty breathing / have trouble breathing
急性呼吸困难:acute respiratory distress
喘息:wheezing(伴随呼吸困难的症状之一)
语境选择建议:
医学术语写作或诊断时用 dyspnea
日常对话或描述症状用 shortness of breath
正式报告或书面描述可用 breathing difficulty
如果需要更具体的医学分类(如心源性/肺源性呼吸困难),可补充说明:cardiac dyspnea(心源性)或 pulmonary dyspnea(肺源性)。