以下是英语中的44个音素(基于标准英式发音,Received Pronunciation, RP)及其词例:

元音(20个)
单元音(12个)
1. /iː/
see, tree, key
2. /ɪ/
sit, big, ship
3. /e/
bed, pen, red
4. /æ/
cat, map, apple
5. /ɑː/
car, father, bath
6. /ɒ/
hot, clock, rock
7. /ɔː/
door, four, law
8. /ʊ/
book, put, good
9. /uː/
food, blue, shoe
10. /ʌ/
cup, love, blood
11. /ɜː/
bird, nurse, learn
12. /ə/
about, banana, sister
双元音(8个)
13. /eɪ/
day, name, rain
14. /aɪ/
eye, my, time
15. /ɔɪ/
boy, coin, toy
16. /əʊ/
go, home, show
17. /aʊ/
now, cow, house
18. /ɪə/
ear, here, beer
19. /eə/
air, care, chair
20. /ʊə/
tour, pure (现代英语中较少使用,常被合并为/ɔː/)
辅音(24个)
爆破音(6个)
21. /p/
pen, top, spin
22. /b/
bed, rabbit, big
23. /t/
tea, cat, stop
24. /d/
dog, add, red
25. /k/
cat, key, school
26. /ɡ/
go, egg, green
摩擦音(9个)
27. /f/
fish, coffee, leaf
28. /v/
voice, love, van
29. /θ/
think, bath, three
30. /ð/
this, mother, then
31. /s/
sun, miss, face
32. /z/
zoo, buzz, nose
33. /ʃ/
shoe, fish, nation
34. /ʒ/
vision, treasure, usual
35. /h/
hat, house, hello
破擦音(2个)
36. /tʃ/
church, watch, chair
37. /dʒ/
judge, bridge, jam
鼻音(3个)
38. /m/
map, summer, ham
39. /n/
nose, sun, pen
40. /ŋ/
sing, ring, long
边音(1个)
41. /l/
leg, ball, table
半元音/滑音(3个)
42. /j/
yes, young, onion
43. /w/
we, queen, water
44. /r/
red, car, try
注意事项
1. 美式发音可能略有差异(如/ɑː/和/ɒ/常合并为/ɑ/)。
2. 某些双元音(如/ʊə/)在现代英语中逐渐简化。
3. 音标符号需结合国际音标(IPA)系统学习,建议配合发音示范练习。
希望对你学习英语发音有帮助!