web javascript

 2025-09-14  阅读 84  评论 0

摘要:JavaScript is a client-side scripting language primarily used to add interactivity, dynamic behavior

JavaScript is a client-side scripting language primarily used to add interactivity, dynamic behavior, and data manipulation to web pages. It is one of the three core technologies of the web (alongside HTML and CSS) and runs directly in the browser.

web javascript

Key Concepts in Web JavaScript

1. Basics

  • Embedding in HTML:
  • html

  • External script >
  • Variables:
  • javascript

    let name = "Alice"; // Mutable variable

    const PI = 3.14; // Immutable constant

  • Data Types:
  • Primitives: `string`, `number`, `boolean`, `null`, `undefined`, `symbol`, `bigint`.
  • Objects: `Object`, `Array`, `Function`, `Date`.
  • 2. DOM Manipulation

    JavaScript interacts with the Document Object Model (DOM) to modify page content and styles:

    javascript

    // Select an element

    const heading = document.getElementById("myHeading");

    // Change content

    heading.textContent = "New Heading!";

    // Change style

    heading.style.color = "blue";

    // Create new elements

    const newParagraph = document.createElement("p");

    newParagraph.textContent = "This is a new paragraph.";

    document.body.appendChild(newParagraph);

    3. Event Handling

    Respond to user actions like clicks, mouse movements, or keyboard input:

    html

    4. AJAX & Fetch API

    Fetch data from servers without reloading the page (asynchronous requests):

    javascript

    fetch(")

    then(response => response.json)

    then(data => console.log(data))

    catch(error => console.error("Error:", error));

    // Modern approach with async/await:

    async function fetchData {

    try {

    const response = await fetch(");

    const data = await response.json;

    console.log(data);

    } catch (error) {

    console.error("Error:", error);

    5. Modern JavaScript (ES6+)

  • Arrow Functions:
  • javascript

    const add = (a, b) => a + b;

  • Template Literals:
  • javascript

    const name = "Alice";

    console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`);

  • Destructuring:
  • javascript

    const user = { id: 1, name: "Bob" };

    const { id, name } = user;

  • Promises & Async/Await for handling asynchronous operations.
  • 6. Frameworks & Libraries

  • Frontend: React, Vue.js, Angular.
  • Backend: Node.js (server-side JavaScript).
  • Tools: Webpack, Babel, npm/yarn.
  • 7. Security Best Practices

  • Sanitize user input to prevent XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) attacks.
  • Use HTTPS and validate data from APIs.
  • Avoid `eval` and minimize global variables.
  • Example: Simple To-Do List

    html

      Learning Resources

    • MDN Web Docs: [JavaScript Guide]
    • FreeCodeCamp: Interactive tutorials.
    • JavaScript.info: Detailed explanations.
    • JavaScript is essential for modern web development. Start with basics, experiment with *all projects, and explore frameworks as you progress!

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      标签:javascriptweb

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