在英语中,想要表达“做某事有困难”,最常用的短语包括 have difficulty (in) doing something、struggle with something 或 find it hard to do something。这些表达看似简单,但背后隐藏着丰富的语法规则、语气差异和使用场景。本文将化身“英语表达小助手”,带你深入探索这些短语的奥秘,让你的表达更精准、更地道!
Have difficulty (in) doing something 是“困难家族”里最经典的成员。它像一个严谨的科学家,要求“doing”必须使用动名词形式,例如:She has difficulty understanding accents. (介词“in”常被省略)。而它的表亲 struggle with something 则更灵活,可以直接加名词或动名词,比如:He struggles with math 或 He struggles solving equations。另一个常见表达 find it hard to do something 则像一位直率的朋友,直接用不定式(to do)表达困难,例如:I find it hard to wake up early.
每个短语都有独特的“性格”。Have difficulty 适合描述客观存在的障碍,比如身体限制或复杂任务:The robot has difficulty climbing stairs. 而 struggle with 更强调主观努力的过程,常带有情感色彩:She struggled with loneliness during the pandemic. 至于 find it hard,它像一位坦诚的倾诉者,常用于表达个人感受:I find it hard to trust strangers.
这些短语在语气强度上像音量调节器。Have trouble(与have difficulty同源)是轻声细语,用于日常小困扰:I have trouble remembering names. Struggle with 则是中气十足的宣言,暗示持续性的挑战:The company struggles with cash flow. 最强烈的当属 can’t cope with,如同警报声:The system can’t cope with the data overload!
给基础短语加上“装备”,能让表达更生动!试试添加副词:She has tremendous difficulty speaking in public. 或者用比喻延伸:Learning coding feels like climbing Mount Everest. 甚至结合具体原因:They struggle with communication due to language barriers. 这些组合技能让你的英语瞬间升级!
小心这些“暗坑”!有人误把 difficulty 当可数名词:I have a difficulty(×),正确说法是 I have difficulty 或 I have difficulties(指多种困难)。还有人混淆 hard 和 difficult:It’s hard to do(侧重主观感受)vs It’s difficult to do(强调客观难度)。记住:find it hard 永远搭配不定式,不能接动名词哦!
总结:英语中描述困难的短语就像工具箱里的不同扳手——have difficulty 是标准开口扳手,struggle with 是耐用的活动扳手,find it hard 则是轻便的六角扳手。掌握它们的结构差异、语气强度和适用场景,就能在交流时“精准发力”。下次遇到困难时,不妨对它们说:“嘿伙计们,该你们上场表演了!” 毕竟,语言的真谛不在于背诵规则,而在于让思想自由起舞。
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